Garbage Pollution
Garbage has
become a serious problem in the world today. According to a report published in
Nature journal, the problem of garbage or solid waste is assuming terrible
proportions today. By the end of this century (2100,), garbage will be
collected at the rate of 11 million tonnes per day globally, more than three
times today’s rate. It implies that the garbage-generation which amounted to
3.5 million tonnes per day in 2010 will become 6 million tonnes per day by
2025. At present, people of India produce about 62 million tonnes of
solid-waste annually. Out of this, 45 million tonnes of the garbage are left
untreated and disposed of by civic agencies in an unscientific manner.
According to
the report, urban India generates 109,589 tonnes of waste per day.
Interestingly, the urban US produces 624,700 tonnes of garbage per day, which
is the highest in the world, while the second largest happens to be urban China
with 520,548 tonnes per day. India’s waste-generation will be more than 376,639
tonnes per day by 2025, especially with the population of urban India expected
to increase to 538 million.
In Thailand, Thais per capital generate an estimated 1.14 kg of solid waste per day, which 50 percent of it
biodegradable. According to Interior Ministry statistics, refuse nationwide in
2016 amounted to 27 million tonnes, up about 0.7 percent from the previous
year. Of this, 4.2 million tonnes was generated in Bangkok. The yearly figure
in 2009 was 15.1 million tonnes. About twenty percent of total is generated in
the Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA) Of the waste generated in 2015, only about
five million tonnes were recycled. Only about eight million tonnes were handled
in accordance with global best practices. Of Thailand's 2,500 dump sites, only
about 20 percent are managed properly. According to the Pollution Control
Department (PCD), Thailand's primary waste watchdog, the nation faces serious
solid waste management issues. Those issues are increasing. Wichan Simachaya,
director-general of the PCD, said the volume of waste could continue to grow by
600,000 tonnes a year, due to increasing population and tourism.
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How can we Stop or Control Garbage Pollution?
Waste is the
main reason for environmental pollution in both developed and developing
countries. The increasing intensity of development is becoming increasingly
challenging. The environment becomes messy due to improper disposal of garbage.
But using modern technology, many developed countries have not only reduced the
pollution by way of waste management but also adopted it as the main source of
energy. It is possible to reuse many things thrown in the garbage. The waste of
resources can be prevented by their recycling and the environment can be
conserved.
Composting
Composting:
This is the process by which domestic waste such as grass, leaves, leftover
food, cow dung etc are used to make compost. A pot is dug up to prepare manure
out of dung and garbage. The size of the pit corresponds to the amount of
garbage and the available space. Typically, a small rural family can dug up 1
meter long and 1 meter wide and 0.8 meters deep pit. The upper part of the pit
should be kept one and a half or two feet high from the ground level. Doing
this will not cause rain water to seep into it.
Village
households can put domestic farming garbage and dung into the pit. This way,
manure is ready in about six months. This organic manure should be removed from
the pit and covered with soil. It can then be used for cultivation.
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